PR MOdification

Mike Pokraka wug at workflowconnections.com
Fri Nov 19 12:00:45 EST 2010


Hi Stephane,

No confusion, I was talking along the likes of what Kjetil posted. There
is some 'intelligence' built into MM release strategies which will
suppress the significant change at times you don't expect it to. Sometimes
it tries to be too intelligent and other times business requirements try
to be too intelligent.

I was amazed at the difficulties I encountered at a customer that wanted a
complete new approval whenever a PR was +decreased+ by any amount. In the
end it wasn't worth the trouble of figuring out the MM logic: just built
up a table of scenarios and events by experimentation and modelled my
stuff on top of that using SWEC - pretty much what you have done.

Oh, yes, the PR doesn't have a header, so therefore adding item is a
CREATE event in the eyes of SAP.

Cheers,
Mike


On Thu, November 18, 2010 7:02 pm, Stephane Bailleul wrote:
> Hi Mike and Marton, and all
>
> First thanks for your replies
>
> I would like to reply first to you and then provide the solution I have
> found :
>
> Marton, there is no issue in the MM area, as I said in my message,
> whatever the amount we do only have one release strategy and this
> release strategy is only containing one step, the approver in this step
> is found via user exit,
>  More explanation : checking the responsible of the cost object (account
> assignment) then via RFC we are comparing the total value of the
> purchase requisition to the approval limit of the user in SRM and if not
> sufficient then we are checking the approval limit of his manager, until
> we find the right approver.
>
> In MM, the setting for amount of quantity on release strategy is only
> working for release code that have done their release. In my case the
> release is not yet done so the value checks are not working.
>
> Mike, in your reply I think you are mixing the event releasestepcreated
> and signicantlychanged.
>
> In the workflow we have set up the significantlychanged event is raised
> whenever EBAN_MENGE or EBAN_PREIS is changed (due to the settings done
> in SWEC)
>
> My problem if not explain clearly the first time, is when the workflow
> is in process (PR not yet release) and a purchase requisitioner is
> adding a new item in the PR, no event change or significantly changed is
> being raised. Releasestepcreated is not raised either butSo  that is
> normal behavior because my release strategy and release step are not
> changing according to MM settings.
>
> So I have found that the new item is not triggering a change event but a
> creation event (which is funny cause I am working on BUs2105  pR and not
> BUs0009  PR line item)
> so basically to capture the event I inserted a new entry in SWEC on
> BUS2105 on creation (using the create event) with criteria
> Eban-Bnfpo_old not existing
>
> And then the event is triggered as soon as the new item is added.
>
> I hope my explanation is clear and can help others (no development is
> needed here)
>
> Message: 3
>
>> Date: Thu, 18 Nov 2010 12:11:45 -0000
>> From: "Mike Pokraka" <wug at workflowconnections.com>
>> Subject: Re: PR MOdification
>> To: "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at MIT.EDU>
>> Message-ID:
>> 	<a3383ffc85da8989ee57f06098bfb46a.squirrel at g.mail.aaisp.net.uk>
>> Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
>>
>> Hi Stephane,
>>
>> This is correct behaviour. e.g. a release strategy is up to a value of
>> 5000 and a PR is for 3000, pending approval. The PR is changed to a
>> value
>> of 3500. ==> Same approver.
>> Significantlychanged is only raised whenever a change causes a new
>> release
>> strategy. Change the value to 5001 and a new release strategy is
>> determined.
>>
>> If you need the system to behave differently then you need to do some
>> custom work as Marton suggested.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Mike
>
>
>
> Message: 3
> Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2010 21:10:24 +0100
> From: M?rton Zsolt <Marton.Zsolt at iqsys.hu>
> Subject: RE: PR MOdification
> To: "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at mit.edu>
> Message-ID:
>         <92C25DF364C62443A7507663B3179C8CCB1642 at BPIMBX01.iqsys.telekom.intra>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> Hi Stephane,
>
> I think this is an MM issue. The release startegi redetermination can be
> set in MM customizing, but if the value or quantity change is below
> the ?old? release startegie limit, than the redetermination will not be
> carried out, therfore no event is triggered.
>
> We have similar problems, and we implemented a customer badi to trigger
> our custom event every time when the PR change fullfills our criteria.
>
> br
>
> zsolt
>
>
>
>
>
> From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu] On Behalf
> Of Stephane Bailleul
> Sent: Wednesday, November 17, 2010 9:00 PM
> To: sap-wug at mit.edu
> Subject: PR MOdification
>
>
>
> Hi all,
>
> On an ECC6 system, We are using release strategy on PR with a only one
> step with user exit we are determining dynamically according to the
> amount of the PR the unique approver.
> At creation, or release it is working fine.
>
> However for modification there are some complication,  when the PR is
> not yet approved
>
> First I noticed that the changes (like price modification or quantity
> modification) were not triggering a new release strategy (of course
> there is only one now with one step !!)
> So in transaction SWEC I used the event significantly changed on update
> with some criteria relevant for our workflow,
>
> Then I noticed that creating a new line item was not considered as a
> change on the PR, so was not triggering the event significantlychanged
> event ....so the release strategy has the right approver but not the
> workitem ...
>
> Do someone have a workaround ? a way to trigger the change event or
> significantlychanged event for the Pr in order to restart the workflow ?
> Best regards
> stephane
>
>
>
>
> Le jeudi 18 novembre 2010 à 12:21 -0500, sap-wug-request at mit.edu a
> écrit :
>
>> Send SAP-WUG mailing list submissions to
>> 	sap-wug at mit.edu
>>
>> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>> 	http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>> 	sap-wug-request at mit.edu
>>
>> You can reach the person managing the list at
>> 	sap-wug-owner at mit.edu
>>
>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>> than "Re: Contents of SAP-WUG digest..."
>>
>>
>> Today's Topics:
>>
>>    1. RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report (Manish Khanna)
>>    2. RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report (Mike Pokraka)
>>    3. Re: PR MOdification (Mike Pokraka)
>>
>>
>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 1
>> Date: Thu, 18 Nov 2010 12:09:22 +0530
>> From: Manish Khanna <mkhanna at sapient.com>
>> Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> To: "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at mit.edu>
>> Message-ID:
>> 	<9F307AC6AA617F45B8848821D7D829461F59EF24E8 at DELMAIL.sapient.com>
>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>>
>> Thanks Sheldon/Mike and others.
>>
>> Seems, these are my only options. At first get the list of active
>> definitions via SWDM and then use the below transactions to find the
>> usage.
>>
>> --
>> Manish
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu] On Behalf
>> Of Sheldon Oxenberg
>> Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 6:39 PM
>> To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>> Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>>
>> Hi Manish,
>>
>> You could try using standard SAP Workflow report transactions SWI2_FREQ
>> and
>> SWI2_DURA.
>>
>> Regards.
>>
>> SHELDON OXENBERG
>> System Architect Principal Leader
>> LMP Technical Architect, SAP Workflow
>> CSC
>>
>>
>>
>>   From:       Manish Khanna <mkhanna at sapient.com>
>>
>>   To:         "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at mit.edu>
>>
>>   Date:       11/16/2010 03:55 AM
>>
>>   Subject:    RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Sorry, couldn't phrase it properly.
>>
>> By useful, I meant workflow definitions that are active in production
>> and
>> are regularly used in day to day business
>> By usability, I meant average work items generated per day per workflow
>>
>> Not sure of any other parameters/indicators that can be helpful for such
>> a
>> report.
>>
>> Thanks
>> Manish
>>
>>       From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu] On
>>       Behalf Of JANSSENS Koenraad
>>       Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 1:58 PM
>>       To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>>       Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>>
>>       What do you mean with "useful"?
>>       What do you mean with "average usability"?
>>
>>       It might be because I'm not an English-native speaker but I find
>> the
>>       descriptions quite vague.
>>
>>       Anyway... the functionality you will search can most probably be
>> found
>>       by using one of the valuable SAP_WAPI* functions.
>>
>>       Best Regards
>>
>>       Koenraad
>>
>>       From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu] On
>>       Behalf Of Manish Khanna
>>       Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 8:21 AM
>>       To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>>       Subject: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>>
>>       Hi,
>>
>>       My client has asked me to prepare a usability report for the
>>       workflows in production. They would like to know
>>             1)   How many active useful workflows we have in production
>>             2)   What is average usability per workflow
>>
>>       Has anyone prepared such report and share few inputs? Besides, how
>> to
>>       find total active useful workflows in production?
>>
>>       Thanks
>>       Manish _______________________________________________
>>       SAP-WUG mailing list
>>       SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>>       http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> SAP-WUG mailing list
>> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 2
>> Date: Thu, 18 Nov 2010 12:03:16 -0000 (GMT)
>> From: "Mike Pokraka" <wug at workflowconnections.com>
>> Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> To: "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at mit.edu>
>> Message-ID:
>> 	<60939f1c269b309528cfa900e7d9bf95.squirrel at g.mail.aaisp.net.uk>
>> Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
>>
>> Not sure what you mean by "only options". It does exactly what you asked
>> for. Looking at usage will automatically tell you which ones are active.
>> Non active worklows won't appear in the reports. Active ones do.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Mike
>>
>> On Thu, November 18, 2010 6:39 am, Manish Khanna wrote:
>> > Thanks Sheldon/Mike and others.
>> >
>> > Seems, these are my only options. At first get the list of active
>> > definitions via SWDM and then use the below transactions to find the
>> > usage.
>> >
>> > --
>> > Manish
>> > -----Original Message-----
>> > From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu] On
>> Behalf
>> > Of Sheldon Oxenberg
>> > Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 6:39 PM
>> > To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>> > Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> >
>> > Hi Manish,
>> >
>> > You could try using standard SAP Workflow report transactions
>> SWI2_FREQ
>> > and
>> > SWI2_DURA.
>> >
>> > Regards.
>> >
>> > SHELDON OXENBERG
>> > System Architect Principal Leader
>> > LMP Technical Architect, SAP Workflow
>> > CSC
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >   From:       Manish Khanna <mkhanna at sapient.com>
>> >
>> >   To:         "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at mit.edu>
>> >
>> >   Date:       11/16/2010 03:55 AM
>> >
>> >   Subject:    RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> > Sorry, couldn't phrase it properly.
>> >
>> > By useful, I meant workflow definitions that are active in production
>> and
>> > are regularly used in day to day business
>> > By usability, I meant average work items generated per day per
>> workflow
>> >
>> > Not sure of any other parameters/indicators that can be helpful for
>> such a
>> > report.
>> >
>> > Thanks
>> > Manish
>> >
>> >       From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu]
>> On
>> >       Behalf Of JANSSENS Koenraad
>> >       Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 1:58 PM
>> >       To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>> >       Subject: RE: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> >
>> >       What do you mean with "useful"?
>> >       What do you mean with "average usability"?
>> >
>> >       It might be because I'm not an English-native speaker but I find
>> the
>> >       descriptions quite vague.
>> >
>> >       Anyway... the functionality you will search can most probably be
>> > found
>> >       by using one of the valuable SAP_WAPI* functions.
>> >
>> >       Best Regards
>> >
>> >       Koenraad
>> >
>> >       From: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu [mailto:sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu]
>> On
>> >       Behalf Of Manish Khanna
>> >       Sent: Tuesday, November 16, 2010 8:21 AM
>> >       To: SAP Workflow Users' Group
>> >       Subject: SAP workflows in production : Usability report
>> >
>> >       Hi,
>> >
>> >       My client has asked me to prepare a usability report for the
>> >       workflows in production. They would like to know
>> >             1)   How many active useful workflows we have in
>> production
>> >             2)   What is average usability per workflow
>> >
>> >       Has anyone prepared such report and share few inputs? Besides,
>> how
>> > to
>> >       find total active useful workflows in production?
>> >
>> >       Thanks
>> >       Manish _______________________________________________
>> >       SAP-WUG mailing list
>> >       SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> >       http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > SAP-WUG mailing list
>> > SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> > http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > SAP-WUG mailing list
>> > SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> > http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> Message: 3
>> Date: Thu, 18 Nov 2010 12:11:45 -0000 (GMT)
>> From: "Mike Pokraka" <wug at workflowconnections.com>
>> Subject: Re: PR MOdification
>> To: "SAP Workflow Users' Group" <sap-wug at MIT.EDU>
>> Message-ID:
>> 	<a3383ffc85da8989ee57f06098bfb46a.squirrel at g.mail.aaisp.net.uk>
>> Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1
>>
>> Hi Stephane,
>>
>> This is correct behaviour. e.g. a release strategy is up to a value of
>> 5000 and a PR is for 3000, pending approval. The PR is changed to a
>> value
>> of 3500. ==> Same approver.
>> Significantlychanged is only raised whenever a change causes a new
>> release
>> strategy. Change the value to 5001 and a new release strategy is
>> determined.
>>
>> If you need the system to behave differently then you need to do some
>> custom work as Marton suggested.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Mike
>>
>>
>> On Wed, November 17, 2010 8:00 pm, Stephane Bailleul wrote:
>> > Hi all,
>> >
>> > On an ECC6 system, We are using release strategy on PR with a only one
>> > step with user exit we are determining dynamically according to the
>> > amount of the PR the unique approver.
>> > At creation, or release it is working fine.
>> >
>> > However for modification there are some complication,  when the PR is
>> > not yet approved
>> >
>> > First I noticed that the changes (like price modification or quantity
>> > modification) were not triggering a new release strategy (of course
>> > there is only one now with one step !!)
>> > So in transaction SWEC I used the event significantly changed on
>> update
>> > with some criteria relevant for our workflow,
>> >
>> > Then I noticed that creating a new line item was not considered as a
>> > change on the PR, so was not triggering the event significantlychanged
>> > event ....so the release strategy has the right approver but not the
>> > workitem ...
>> >
>> > Do someone have a workaround ? a way to trigger the change event or
>> > significantlychanged event for the Pr in order to restart the workflow
>> ?
>> > Best regards
>> > stephane
>> >
>> >
>> > Le mercredi 17 novembre 2010 ?? 12:22 -0500, sap-wug-rethe
>> quest at mit.edu
>> > a ??crit :best
>> >
>> >> Send SAP-WUG mailing list submissions to
>> >> 	sap-wug at mit.eduPR
>> >>
>> >> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>> >> 	http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
>> >> 	sap-wug-request at mit.edu
>> >>
>> >> You can reach the person managing the list at
>> >> 	sap-wug-owner at mit.edu
>> >>
>> >> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>> >> than "Re: Contents of SAP-WUG digest..."
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Today's Topics:
>> >>
>> >>    1. Re: Stupid Question (so now you have to read it ...;-) -
>> >>       Regarding	Delegations (michael.mcley at daimler.com)
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>> >>
>> >> Message: 1
>> >> Date: Wed, 17 Nov 2010 09:53:39 -0600
>> >> From: michael.mcley at daimler.com
>> >> Subject: Re: Stupid Question (so now you have to read it ...;-) -
>> >> 	Regarding	Delegations
>> >> To: sap-wug at mit.edu
>> >> Message-ID:
>> >> 	<OF9D83ECDA.02A5A9D3-ON862577DE.0057390C-862577DE.005755DD at dcx.dcx>
>> >> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
>> >>
>> >> Sheldon,
>> >>
>> >> GOOD CATCH.  I don't talk to those guys much ;-)  I'll ask him.  Thx.
>> >>
>> >> Michael McLey
>> >> MBUSI - IT Parts & Administration
>> >> Mercedes-Benz US International, Inc.
>> >> 1 Mercedes Drive
>> >> Vance, AL 35490
>> >> PHONE:  (205) 462 - 5239
>> >> EMAIL:   michael.mcley at daimler.com
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> soxenber at csc.com
>> >> Sent by: sap-wug-bounces at mit.edu
>> >> 11/17/2010 09:29 AM
>> >> Please respond to
>> >> sap-wug at mit.edu
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> To
>> >> sap-wug at mit.edu
>> >> cc
>> >>
>> >> Subject
>> >> Re: Stupid Question (so now you have to read it ...;-) - Regarding
>> >> Delegations
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Hi Michael,
>> >>
>> >> I also did some gOOgling...
>> >> It appears that Quintus Bell is a SAP CRM Developer at Mercedes Benz
>> >> South
>> >> Africa / Sofware developer at Mondial IT Solutions?
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Regards.
>> >>
>> >> SHELDON OXENBERG
>> >> System Architect Principal Leader
>> >> LMP Technical Architect, SAP Workflow
>> >> CSC
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>   From:       michael.mcley at daimler.com
>> >>
>> >>   To:         sap-wug at mit.edu
>> >>
>> >>   Date:       11/17/2010 10:03 AM
>> >>
>> >>   Subject:    Stupid Question (so now you have to read it ...;-) -
>> >> Regarding                Delegations
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Wuggers,
>> >>
>> >> I need to make a couple of system-wide delegations for one of my
>> >> workflow
>> >> projects.  From what I have read of system-wide delegations, they are
>> >> kind
>> >> of a 1 time / 1 step configuration, meaning that you cannot cascade
>> >> delegations from one object to another, to another, etc... . And
>> also, a
>> >> delegation from a standard object can occur only 1 time.  So once I
>> have
>> >> delegated a standard BUSxxxx object to another object, there is no
>> >> possibility to further delegate that base object.
>> >>
>> >> So now, when I look at my current system delegations I find there are
>> >> already several delegations of standard SAP BUSxxxx objects (BUS2010,
>> >> 2011,
>> >> 2081, etc..) to some ADBxxxx objects.  The person responsible for
>> these
>> >> delegations is "QUINTUS" who is not a user in our system.
>> >>
>> >> Does anyone know if these are delegations provided by SAP, or should
>> I
>> >> be
>> >> looking for some add-in (or something else) that created these
>> >> delegations?
>> >> No one who was here before me knows anything about them.  Also is it
>> >> safe
>> >> to delete these delegations (assuming I do some research to ensure we
>> >> are
>> >> not using them) if they are provided by SAP?
>> >>
>> >> Tried gOOgling it, found a lot of information relating to a company
>> >> named
>> >> Quintus Corp, but not much else.  Not much in OSS either.  Thanks for
>> >> your
>> >> help.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> Michael McLey
>> >> MBUSI - IT Parts & Administration
>> >> Mercedes-Benz US International, Inc.
>> >> 1 Mercedes Drive
>> >> Vance, AL 35490
>> >> PHONE:  (205) 462 - 5239
>> >> EMAIL:   michael.mcley at daimler.com
>> >> If you are not the intended addressee, please inform us immediately
>> that
>> >> you have received this e-mail in error, and delete it. We thank you
>> for
>> >> your cooperation. _______________________________________________
>> >> SAP-WUG mailing list
>> >> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> >> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> _______________________________________________
>> >> SAP-WUG mailing list
>> >> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> >> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> If you are not the intended addressee, please inform us immediately
>> that
>> >> you have received this e-mail in error, and delete it. We thank you
>> for
>> >> your cooperation.
>> >> -------------- next part --------------
>> >> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...
>> >> URL:
>> >> http://mailman.mit.edu/pipermail/sap-wug/attachments/20101117/009e93eb/attachment-0001.htm
>> >>
>> >> ------------------------------
>> >>
>> >> _______________________________________________
>> >> SAP-WUG mailing list
>> >> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> >> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> End of SAP-WUG Digest, Vol 72, Issue 40
>> >> ***************************************
>> >
>> >
>> > --
>> > Stephane Bailleul
>> > Consultant SAP SRM/MM/Workflow
>> >
>> > GSM: +33 6 14 08 32 50
>> > FAX:  +33 9 56 62 24 40
>> > Email: stephanebailleul at free.fr
>> >
>> > http://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanebailleul
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > SAP-WUG mailing list
>> > SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> > http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>> >
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> ------------------------------
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> SAP-WUG mailing list
>> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
>> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>>
>>
>> End of SAP-WUG Digest, Vol 72, Issue 42
>> ***************************************
>
>
> --
> Stephane Bailleul
> Consultant SAP SRM/MM/Workflow
>
> GSM: +33 6 14 08 32 50
> FAX:  +33 9 56 62 24 40
> Email: stephanebailleul at free.fr
>
> http://www.linkedin.com/in/stephanebailleul
> _______________________________________________
> SAP-WUG mailing list
> SAP-WUG at mit.edu
> http://mailman.mit.edu/mailman/listinfo/sap-wug
>





More information about the SAP-WUG mailing list