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<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><font size="4">Topological insulators
(TIs) are novel materials that do not conduct electricity in their bulk but
possess exceptional conducting electronic states on their surface. These
surface electrons have a number of highly unusual characteristics: (i)
they behave like massless relativistic particles similar to photons (ii) their
spin is locked perpendicular to their momentum and (iii) this state is robust
against moderate disorder. Understanding and characterizing unique
properties of these materials can lead to novel applications such as current
induced magnetization or extremely robust quantum memory bits. In
this talk, I will first give a brief introduction to these materials and
then describe our recent experiments in which we used ultrashort laser pulses to
probe and control properties of the topological surface states. Utilizing
the short duration of these pulses, we succeeded in capturing femtosecond
movies of the electronic energy bands in a three dimensional manner. These
movies reveal an exotic hybrid state between electrons and light which was
predicted theoretically but has never been observed in solids before.<o:p></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoNormal"><font size="4"> </font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><font size="4">Grier Room, MIT Bldg 34-401<o:p></o:p></font></p>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><font size="4">Refreshments served after the lecture</font></span><!--EndFragment-->
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