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<!--StartFragment--><p class="MsoTitle" align="left" style="margin-right:-.5in;text-align:left"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; "><o:p><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4"> </font></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; ">Modern Optics and Spectroscopy</span></b><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><o:p><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'"> </font></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">Using multiple probes to
characterize multi-channel chemical reactions<o:p></o:p></font></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><o:p><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'"> </font></o:p></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">William Green,<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">Massachusetts
Institute of Technology</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: large; "><font class="Apple-style-span" face="'Times New Roman'">Tuesday,
March 26, 2013</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><o:p><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'"> </font></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="letter-spacing: 1pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">12:00 –
1:00 p.m.</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">Most molecules can undergo
several different reactions leading to different products, each with different
rate coefficients. Most experiments measure either the timescale of the
conversion (in effect measuring the sum of these rate coefficients) or the
final products (which are related to the ratio of the rate coefficients).
Neither approach is sufficient to determine the individual rate coefficients,
which are the crucial inputs to kinetic models. It can be particularly tricky
to interpret the final product data, since there is typically time for multiple
secondary reactions to occur. One can try to beat this problem by probing the
immediate products spectroscopically, but some products are invisible to most
probes.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>To beat these problems, we have
constructed an apparatus which simultaneously measures the overall reaction
rate (by measuring depletion of a reactant by UV/vis or near-IR absorption
spectroscopy) and the immediate products (by gentle single photon
photoionization mass spectrometry). This allows us to determine all the rate
coefficients for many gas phase reactions of the type A+B <span style="mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings">à</span>
multiple products, where A is a reactive intermediate that we generate by laser
flash photolysis, and B is a stable molecule. The new apparatus incorporates
several methods for increasing the signal-to-noise.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The capabilities of the new apparatus are
demonstrated for reactions where A=C2H3 and B=an alkene, where the competition
between two product channels depends strongly on how efficiently the bath gas
can absorb the exothermicity of the reaction. Some of the advantages and
disadvantages of this new experimental approach are discussed.</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">Grier Room, MIT Bldg 34-401<o:p></o:p></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><font class="Apple-style-span" size="4" face="'Times New Roman'">Refreshments served after
the lecture</font><font class="Apple-style-span" size="6"><o:p></o:p></font></p>
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