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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=6 color="#990000" face=Georgia><span
style='font-size:21.0pt;font-family:Georgia;color:#990000;font-weight:bold'>How
Human Rights Watch Lost Its Way in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:3.75pt'><font size=4 color=black
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Georgia;color:black'>by
Jonathan Cook<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<td style='padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'><!--startclickprintexclude--><!--endclickprintexclude-->
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><font
size=7 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:36.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black;font-weight:bold'>T</span></font></b><font color=black
face=Georgia><span style='font-family:Georgia;color:black'>he measure of a
human rights organization is to be found not just in the strides it takes to
seek justice for the oppressed and victimized but also in the compromises it
makes to keep itself out of trouble. Because of the business that human
rights defenders are in, they must be held to a standard higher than we
demand of others. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Unfortunately, one of the best – Human Rights
Watch – has failed that test during the war in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region> this
summer. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>To its credit, HRW has risked much opprobrium for taking
<st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region> to task for
systematically breaking international law during its assault on <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>. That
has culminated in a predictable campaign of harassment by pro-Israel
organizations in the <st1:country-region w:st="on">U.S.</st1:country-region>
– as well as by the usual suspects, such as Alan Dershowitz –
that have accused its researchers of libeling <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> and being anti-Semitic. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Such attacks reached an obscene pitch after HRW's
executive director, Kenneth Roth, observed in publicity material accompanying
a recent report that <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>
appeared to have treated south <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region> as a "free-fire
zone" and that its strikes had failed to distinguish between civilians
and Hezbollah fighters. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Roth, a Jew whose father fled Nazi Germany, was accused
in typical hyperbolic fashion of engaging in "the de-legitimization of
Judaism, the basis of much anti-Semitism" (<i><span style='font-style:
italic'>New York Sun</span></i>), being "an ally of the barbarians"
and "reflexive Israel basher" (David Horowitz), and resorting to a
"slur about primitive Jewish bloodlust" (Jonathan Rosenblum). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>I do not underestimate the damage that such criticism
risks doing to the reputations of HRW and Roth. But I also know that no
concession to such intimidation can be justified, not if we are to search for
the truth or hope to defend the principal victims of violations of
international law, the civilian populations of poor and weak nations. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Name-calling, however distasteful, cannot justify HRW
distorting its findings to placate the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> lobby. But that seems to
be just what is happening. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>The most egregious example is to be found in an Aug. 10 <a
href="http://tinyurl.com/zgbth">interview between the <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>New York Times</span></i> and a senior HRW
researcher</a>, Peter Bouckaert, about a recent report, "Fatal
Strikes," in which the organization provides evidence that <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> fired
indiscriminately on Lebanese civilians during the fighting. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Rather than concentrating on HRW's findings of war
crimes in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>
– the focus of the research – Bouckaert digresses: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><i><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black;font-style:italic'>"I mean, it's perfectly clear
that Hezbollah is directly targeting civilians, and that their aim is to kill
Israeli civilians. We don't accuse the Israeli army of deliberately trying to
kill civilians. Our accusation, clearly stated in the report, is that the
Israeli army is not taking the necessary precautions to distinguish between
civilian and military targets. So, there is a difference in intent between
the two sides. At the same time, they are both violating the Geneva
Convention."</span></font></i><font color=black face=Georgia><span
style='font-family:Georgia;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>After an observation like that – stuffed in a
brief space with so many double standards – HRW should not complain if
one day it finds itself short of friends prepared to come to its aid when
next the likes of Dershowitz batter it with the anti-Semitism canard. Those
who indulge in slurs (against Arabs) can hardly call on our sympathy when
they themselves are victims of the same kind of innuendo. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>First, how does Bouckaert know that <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
failure to distinguish between civilian and military targets was simply a
technical failure, a failure to take precautions, and not intentional? Was he
or another HRW researcher sitting in one of the military bunkers in northern <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> when
army planners pressed the button to unleash the missiles from their spy
drones? Was he sitting alongside the air force pilots as they circled over <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:country-region> dropping their U.S.-made bombs or tens
of thousands of "cluster munitions," tiny land mines that are now
sprinkled over a vast area of south <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>? Did he have intimate
conversations with the Israeli chiefs of staff about their war strategy? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Of course not. He has no more idea than you or I what <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s military
planners and its politicians decided was necessary to achieve their war
goals. In fact, he does not even know what those goals were. So why make a
statement suggesting he does? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Similarly, just as Bouckaert is apparently sure that he
can divine <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
intentions in the war, and that they were essentially benign, he is equally
convinced that he knows Hezbollah's intentions, and that they were malign.
Whatever the evidence suggests – in a war in which <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
overwhelmingly killed Lebanese civilians and is still doing so, and in which
Hezbollah overwhelmingly killed Israeli soldiers – Bouckaert knows
better. He admits that both violated the Geneva Conventions, a failure he
makes sound little more than a technicality, but apparently only Hezbollah
had evil designs. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>How is it "perfectly clear" to Bouckaert that
Hezbollah was "directly" targeting Israeli civilians? It is most
certainly not clear from the casualty figures. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>It is also not clear, as I tried to document during the
war, from the geographical locations where Hezbollah's rockets struck. My
ability to discuss those locations was limited because all journalists based
in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
are subject to the rules of the military censor. We cannot divulge
information useful to the "enemy" about <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s myriad military
installations – its army camps, military airfields, intelligence posts,
arms stores, and Rafael weapons factories. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>What I did try to alert readers to was the fact that
many, if not most, of those military sites are located next to or inside Israeli
communities, including Arab towns and villages. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>At least it is now possible, because some army positions
were temporary, to reveal that many communities in the north had artillery
batteries stationed next to them firing into <st1:country-region w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:country-region>
and that from <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Haifa</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">Bay</st1:PlaceType> warships continually launched warheads at <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>. That
information is now publicly available in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>, and other examples are
regularly coming to light. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>I reported, for example, the other day that the <i><span
style='font-style:italic'>Ha'aretz</span></i> newspaper referred to legal
documents to be presented in a compensation suit that show that the Arab <st1:PlaceType
w:st="on">village</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Fassouta</st1:PlaceName>,
close to the border with <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
had an artillery battery stationed next to it throughout much of the war. A
press release this week from a Nazareth-based welfare organization, the
Laborers' Voice, reveals that another battery was positioned by an Arab town,
Majd al-Krum, during the war. Arab member of Knesset Abbas Zakour has also
gone publicly on the record: "During a short visit to offer condolences
to the families of victims killed in Hezbollah's rocket attacks, I saw
Israeli tanks shelling <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>
from the two towns of Arab al-Aramisha and Tarshiha." <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>In other Arab communities, including Jish, Shaghour, and
Kfar Manda, the Israeli army requisitioned areas to train their troops for
the ground invasion of south <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
According to the Human Rights Association, based in <st1:City w:st="on">Nazareth</st1:City>,
army officials justified their decision on the following grounds: "The
landscape of Arab towns [in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>]
is similar to Arab towns in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>."
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Aside from the fact that this effective use of Israeli
civilians as human shields by the army outdoes any "cowardly
blending" (in the words of Jan Egeland of the United Nations) by
Hezbollah in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
it also makes any attempt at second-guessing the targets of the Shi'ite
militia's rockets futile. Unless Bouckaert was given a private audience with
Hezbollah's leader, Hassan Nasrallah, or drove around with a Katyusha rocket
team, his talk is pure hot air. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>It might be possible to dismiss Bouckaert's comments as
the private opinion of one researcher (even if one of HRW's most senior) were
it not for the fact that the organization has stood by his statements in
correspondence with me. I have been told that Bouckaert's assertions are
justified because "we generally conclude that the use of weapons that
can't be targeted/are not precise, e.g., are indiscriminate, when fired into
civilian areas, are in and of themselves evidence of targeting
civilians." <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>In fact, I know from conversations with Israeli
journalists that Hezbollah's rockets were not as inaccurate as HRW would like
to assume. Several important military sites were hit by Hezbollah rockets,
though none of those incidents were reported and apparently cannot be as long
as the military censorship rules apply. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>I have also seen the deep scarring and charred brush on
a hillside in northern <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
where an important army bunker used by military planners is located –
evidence that Hezbollah knew exactly what was there and successfully aimed
many of its rockets at the site. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Is it still possible to presume that Hezbollah is
"directly" targeting civilians, as Bouckaert claims? HRW again: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><i><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black;font-style:italic'>"We can conclude that they
[Hezbollah] are targeting civilians and not just failing to discriminate
sufficiently because the weapons themselves are not capable of being targeted
with any real degree of precision, according to our arms division, so they
know full well that the likelihood is that the weapons will not hit their
target/will kill civilians."</span></font></i><font color=black
face=Georgia><span style='font-family:Georgia;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>What are we supposed to make of this argument from the
world's foremost human rights organization? HRW is accusing Hezbollah of
committing graver war crimes than <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>, even though it killed far
fewer civilians both numerically and proportionally, because its rockets are
"less accurate." HRW is saying, in effect, that whatever
Hezbollah's and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
respective intentions and whatever the respective outcomes of their attacks,
Hezbollah must be treated as the greater pariah because its technology is inferior.
Whether or not Hezbollah was aiming for military targets is irrelevant, says
HRW, because its primitive rockets were likely to hit civilians – as
opposed to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
which struck at Lebanese civilians with precision weapons. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>And all of this, of course, entirely ignores <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>'s use of as many as 100,000 cluster
bombs, leaving an indiscriminate legacy of bomblets across south <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region> that
will kill and maim for months, and possibly years, to come. Is that not
"clear" proof that <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
was "deliberately" targeting Lebanese civilians? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>HRW's logic appears to be arguing that Hezbollah had no
right – given its inadequate rocket technology – to defend its
country from <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>'s
massive bombardment of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
civilian population. In other words, it had no right of self-defense because
its military arsenal was inferior. It should have sat out the weeks of aerial
attacks, refusing to engage <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
until the Israeli army decided it was time to mount a ground invasion. Only
at that point, HRW implies, did Hezbollah have the right to strike back. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>Such an argument effectively legitimizes the use of
military might by the stronger party, thereby making nonsense of
international law and the human rights standards HRW is supposed to uphold. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=3 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Georgia;color:black'>This sophistry is fooling no one, least of all, of
course, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
apologists. They will keep up their relentless defamation of an organization
like Human Rights Watch as long as <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> comes under its scrutiny.
By trying to appease them, our human rights champions damage only themselves
and those they should be seeking to protect.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><a href="http://www.antiwar.com/orig/cook.php?articleid=9667">http://www.antiwar.com/orig/cook.php?articleid=9667</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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