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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The solution to the following problem (which
I was having):</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I’m trying to
compile an exercise (ex23.c) from Galib in MS Visual Studio 2003, V7.1.3088, on
a Windows XP machine.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I’ve tried Kevin Druhan’s
solution, including changing the #includes to read *.hpp *.cpp. I can get a
very simple example to run fine this way.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>However, with ex23.c I
errors thus:</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealArithmeticCrossover(class GAGenome const &,class GAGenome
const &,class GAGenome *,class GAGenome *)" (?GARealArithmeticCrossover@@YAHABVGAGenome@@0PAV1@1@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealBlendCrossover(class GAGenome const &,class GAGenome
const &,class GAGenome *,class GAGenome *)" (?GARealBlendCrossover@@YAHABVGAGenome@@0PAV1@1@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealGaussianMutator(class GAGenome &,float)" (?GARealGaussianMutator@@YAHAAVGAGenome@@M@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(class
GAAlleleSetArray<float> const &,float (__cdecl*)(class GAGenome
&),void *)"
(??0?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@QAE@ABV?$GAAlleleSetArray@M@@P6AMAAVGAGenome@@@ZPAX@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(unsigned
int,class GAAlleleSet<float> const &,float (__cdecl*)(class GAGenome
&),void *)" (??0?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@QAE@IABV?$GAAlleleSet@M@@P6AMAAVGAGenome@@@ZPAX@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: float __thiscall GAAlleleSet<float>::allele(unsigned int)const
" (?allele@?$GAAlleleSet@M@@QBEMI@Z) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: float __thiscall GAAlleleSet<float>::allele(void)const
" (?allele@?$GAAlleleSet@M@@QBEMXZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::~GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(void)"
(??1?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UAE@XZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual char const * __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::className(void)const "
(?className@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UBEPBDXZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual int __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::classID(void)const
" (?classID@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UBEHXZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual int __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::read(class
std::basic_istream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >
&)"
(?read@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UAEHAAV?$basic_istream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester fatal error
LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I have also tried leaving
the .c files as .c files, setting the Project and File options to /TP, and
including the folder that contains the ./ga folder in the Projects VC++
Directories (so I don’t have to change</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><ga/whatever.c> to
“whatever.cpp”. In this case I still get the above errors.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Is to remove the files </span></font><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Courier New"'>GARealGenome.cpp and GAStringGenome.cpp from the Solution (right
click in Solution Explorer and Remove).</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-NZ
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-NZ
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Thanks to Matthew Wall for
the answer,</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-NZ
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span lang=EN-NZ
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Courier New"'>Regards,</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Mike Cooling
[mailto:m.cooling@auckland.ac.nz] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, 26 April 2006
1:47 p.m.<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'galib@mit.edu'<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Multiple definitions in
MS Visual Studio 2003, V7.1.3088</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Hi</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I’m trying to
compile an exercise (ex23.c) from Galib in MS Visual Studio 2003, V7.1.3088, on
a Windows XP machine.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I’ve tried Kevin
Druhan’s solution, including changing the #includes to read *.hpp *.cpp.
I can get a very simple example to run fine this way.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>However, with ex23.c I
errors thus:</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealArithmeticCrossover(class GAGenome const &,class
GAGenome const &,class GAGenome *,class GAGenome *)" (?GARealArithmeticCrossover@@YAHABVGAGenome@@0PAV1@1@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealBlendCrossover(class GAGenome const &,class
GAGenome const &,class GAGenome *,class GAGenome *)" (?GARealBlendCrossover@@YAHABVGAGenome@@0PAV1@1@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"int __cdecl GARealGaussianMutator(class GAGenome &,float)"
(?GARealGaussianMutator@@YAHAAVGAGenome@@M@Z) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(class
GAAlleleSetArray<float> const &,float (__cdecl*)(class GAGenome
&),void *)" (??0?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@QAE@ABV?$GAAlleleSetArray@M@@P6AMAAVGAGenome@@@ZPAX@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(unsigned
int,class GAAlleleSet<float> const &,float (__cdecl*)(class GAGenome
&),void *)" (??0?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@QAE@IABV?$GAAlleleSet@M@@P6AMAAVGAGenome@@@ZPAX@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: float __thiscall GAAlleleSet<float>::allele(unsigned
int)const " (?allele@?$GAAlleleSet@M@@QBEMI@Z) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: float __thiscall GAAlleleSet<float>::allele(void)const
" (?allele@?$GAAlleleSet@M@@QBEMXZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual __thiscall GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::~GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>(void)"
(??1?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UAE@XZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual char const * __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::className(void)const "
(?className@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UBEPBDXZ) already defined in
AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual int __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::classID(void)const "
(?classID@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UBEHXZ) already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester error LNK2005:
"public: virtual int __thiscall
GA1DArrayAlleleGenome<float>::read(class
std::basic_istream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >
&)"
(?read@?$GA1DArrayAlleleGenome@M@@UAEHAAV?$basic_istream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@@Z)
already defined in AutoTester.obj</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>AutoTester fatal error
LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I have also tried leaving
the .c files as .c files, setting the Project and File options to /TP, and
including the folder that contains the ./ga folder in the Projects VC++
Directories (so I don’t have to change</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><ga/whatever.c> to
“whatever.cpp”. In this case I still get the above errors.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>What am I missing? If
there is anyone out there using MS Vis Studio and can help please let me know.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Thanks for your time,</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Mike Cooling</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>PhD Student</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Bioengineering Institute</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>University of Auckland</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span
lang=EN-NZ style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'> </span></font></p>
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