<HTML><BODY style="word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; -khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>How Environmental Protection Policies </B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Promote Economic Growth, Competition, and Innovation</B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B> </B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><I>David B. Goldstein</I></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><I>Energy Program Director</I></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><I>Natural Resources Defense Council</I></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>Thursday, June 14, 2007</B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><B>3:30 - 5:00 pm</B></DIV><DIV style="text-align: center;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A href="http://whereis.mit.edu/map-jpg?selection=E51&Buildings=go"><B>E51-145</B></A></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><B>Abstract</B></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">In his talk, David Goldstein examines the scientific evidence that is available, supplemented with experiential evidence and personal experience, on how environmental protection policy in general, and greenhouse gas emissions limits in particular, can enhance economic growth. </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">There are widespread opportunities throughout the economy to reduce pollution and preserve ecosystems in ways that increase profit. But because of formidable and nearly universal failures of the marketplace, and simple human tendencies towards risk aversion and loss aversion, most of these opportunities are not exploited. Pollution reduction opportunities with rates of return on investment of 30%, 50%, and even over 100% are going unexploited. </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">Government policies have a demonstrated track record of having overcome these failures. </DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">The failure of current markets to take advantages of opportunities to reduce emissions with very high return on investment creates an even more powerful barrier to innovation indirectly than it does directly: If existing products or services that could generate a 30% annual return by saving energy don’t sell, why would anyone develop an even better technology?</DIV><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"> </P><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="text-decoration: underline;"><B>Biographical sketch</B></SPAN></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; ">David B. Goldstein has worked on energy efficiency and energy policy since the early 1970s. He currently co-directs NRDC's Energy Program. Dr. Goldstein has been instrumental in the development of energy efficiency standards for new buildings and appliances that are currently in effect at the regional and national level in the United States, Russia, Kazakhstan, and China. He negotiated the agreement that led to the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, and has helped design energy efficiency programs with utilities and state regulatory agencies. He initiated and coordinated the dialogue that led to the adoption of tax incentives for efficient buildings in the U.S. in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 and was a founding director of the Consortium for Energy Efficiency and the New Buildings Institute. Dr. Goldstein initiated and directed research on how urban structure affects the usage of automobiles, and originated the Location Efficient Mortgage to implement the results. David B. Goldstein received a Ph.D. in Physics from the University of California at Berkeley, and is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the recipient of its Leo Szilard Award for Physics in the Public Interest. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 2002 and is the recipient of the California Alumni Association’s 2003 Award for Excellence in Achievement.</DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; min-height: 14px; "><BR></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><I><BR class="khtml-block-placeholder"></I></DIV><DIV style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><I>Co-sponsored by the Laboratory for Energy and the Environment and the MIT Energy Club</I></DIV><BR><BR><DIV> <SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><SPAN class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; border-spacing: 0px 0px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: auto; -khtml-text-decorations-in-effect: none; text-indent: 0px; -apple-text-size-adjust: auto; text-transform: none; orphans: 2; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; "><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Karen<SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> <SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN></SPAN>L. Gibson</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">MIT Laboratory For Energy and the Environment</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">77 Massachusetts Avenue, E40-469</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Cambridge, MA 02139<SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> <SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> </SPAN></SPAN>USA</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">(1 Amherst St., E40-469, Cambridge MA 02142 - for DHL and FedEx)</FONT></P><P style="margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px"><FONT face="Helvetica" size="3" style="font: 12.0px Helvetica">Tel:<SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> <SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> +</SPAN></SPAN>1 617 258-6368; Fax:<SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> <SPAN class="Apple-converted-space"> +</SPAN></SPAN>1 617 258-6590</FONT></P><BR class="Apple-interchange-newline"></SPAN></SPAN> </DIV><BR></BODY></HTML>