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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Chelsea Catania <cataniac@mit.edu><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, April 3, 2018 at 10:20 AM<br>
<b>Subject: </b>MIT Microbiome Club - Seminar Series - April 5th, 3 pm<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#77984C">MIT Microbiome Club </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#77984C">Seminar Series</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><img width="150" height="146" style="width:1.5625in;height:1.5208in" id="_x0031_F3923C6-E63B-4F57-B577-BFE0D49EFCC3" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D3CB36.3EBAAC10" alt="cid:DE188664-4E8D-43E8-AA08-7505B7991C01@broadinstitute.org"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Microbial Community</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Community Talks</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#3A3E44">The MIT Microbiome Club will be hosting 3 speakers from our community
for 3 short talks related to microbial community dynamics.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#3A3E44">Thursday, April 5<sup>th</sup> from 3–4:30 pm in MIT 56-614</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1302787619852983/"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book"">PLEASE RSVP ON OUR EVENT PAGE</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#3A3E44"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Dr. Arolyn Conwill:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">The enemy of my enemy is my friend: how bacteria compete and
cooperate to survive in a multidrug environment </span></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Avenir-Book;color:#222222;background:white">Cooperation between microbes can enable microbial communities to survive in harsh environments. Enzymatic deactivation of antibiotics,
a common mechanism of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, is a cooperative behavior that can allow resistant cells to protect sensitive cells from antibiotics. Understanding how bacterial populations survive antibiotic exposure is important both clinically
and ecologically, yet the implications of cooperative antibiotic deactivation on the population and evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly in the presence of more than one antibiotic. Here, we show that two </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Avenir-Book;color:#222222">Escherichia
coli</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Avenir-Book;color:#222222;background:white"> strains can form an effective cross-protection mutualism, protecting each other in the presence of two
antibiotics (ampicillin and chloramphenicol) so that the co-culture can survive in antibiotic concentrations that inhibit growth of either strain alone. Moreover, we find that daily dilutions of the co-culture lead to large oscillations in the relative abundance
of the two strains, with the ratio of abundances varying by nearly four orders of magnitude over the course of the three-day period of the oscillation. At modest antibiotic concentrations, the mutualistic behavior enables long-term survival of the oscillating
populations; however, at higher antibiotic concentrations, the oscillations destabilize the population, eventually leading to collapse. The two strains form a successful cross-protection mutualism without a period of co-evolution, suggesting that similar mutualisms
may arise during antibiotic treatment and in natural environments such as the soil.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Dr. Simon Lax:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Temperature modulates competitive outcomes in microbial microcosms</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Avenir-Book;background:white">Temperature plays a cardinal role in shaping microbial growth rates, yet little work has been done to determine how changes in temperature can
structure microbial communities or influence competitive outcomes between species. I will discuss the relationship between temperature and growth rate in bacteria, and present evidence in both theory and practice that changes in temperature can alter competitive
outcomes between species in generic ways that may provide broad insights into microbial competition.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">Dr. Daniel R. Amor:</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:40.0pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#28916B">The fate of microbial invaders in multi-stable laboratory
ecosystems</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Helvetica Neue";background:white"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:Avenir-Book;background:white">Microbial communities are frequently challenged by the arrival of new species that could spread in the community, potentially leading to long-term
shifts in community state. This argues for a deeper understanding of how invasions can interfere with the dynamics of microbial communities. I will focus on a bistable model system to study the dynamics between alternative stable states in microbial ecosystems.
By introducing an invading species into the system, we observed that the invading species can induce transitions between these alternative stable states. Interestingly, in many cases the invading species did not survive in the final community state, making
these species what we call a “transient invader.” This suggests that short-term invasions (such as infections) could be a common mechanism driving transitions between stable states in microbial communities.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/1302787619852983/"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica Neue"">Learn
more on the event page.</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#453CCC"> </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"> ––––––––––––<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#16191F">The MIT Microbiome Club, part of the Center for Microbiome Informatics
and Therapeutics, brings together inquisitive MIT undergrads, grad researchers, postdocs, faculty, and clinicians in the emerging field of microbiome studies and microbiome-based medicine. </span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#386EFF">Learn
more on our </span></span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/MITmicrobiomeclub/?ref=aymt_homepage_panel"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book"">Facebook page</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#386EFF">. </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#16191F">Or
follow us on </span></i></span><a href="https://twitter.com/MITubiomeclub"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book"">Twitter</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Avenir Book";color:#16191F">. </span></i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"> –––––––––––-<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><b>Chelsea Catania, Ph.D.</b></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">MIT Microbiome Club Communications Chair<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">Postdoctoral Associate<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">Laboratory for Energy and Microsystems Innovation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">Department of Mechanical Engineering<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">@</span><a href="https://twitter.com/MITubiomeclub"><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody">MITubiomeclub</span><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_MailOriginalBody"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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